kōkuʻu pūnaewele lā

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ua haku ʻia ka module solar cell i ʻelima mau papa mai luna a lalo, me ke aniani photovoltaic, ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni paʻa paʻa, cell chip, packaging adhesive film, a me backplane:

（1） Ke aniani photovoltaic

Ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ikaika mechanical o ka cell photovoltaic solar hoʻokahi, ua maʻalahi ke wāwahi;ʻO ka makū a me ke kinoea corrosive i ka lewa e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie a hoʻoheheʻe i ka electrode, a ʻaʻole hiki ke pale i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka hana waho;I ka manawa like, liʻiliʻi ka volta hana o nā cell photovoltaic hoʻokahi, he paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i nā pono o nā lako uila.No laila, hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā cell solar ma waena o kahi panel packaging a me kahi backplane e ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni EVA e hana i kahi module photovoltaic indivisible me ka hoʻopili a me ka pilina kūloko e hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻopuka DC kūʻokoʻa.Nui nā modula photovoltaic, nā mea hoʻohuli a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe i ka ʻōnaehana hana mana photovoltaic.

Ma hope o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ke aniani photovoltaic e uhi ana i ka module photovoltaic, hiki iā ia ke hōʻoia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui uila, i hiki ai i ka cell solar ke hoʻonui i ka uila;I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ke aniani photovoltaic paʻakikī, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i nā cell solar e kū i ka ʻoi aku o ka makani a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana o ka lā.No laila, ʻo ke aniani photovoltaic kekahi o nā mea pono pono o nā modula photovoltaic.

Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā kiʻi photovoltaic i loko o nā kelepa silicon crystalline a me nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi.ʻO ke aniani photovoltaic i hoʻohana ʻia no nā cell silicon crystalline e hoʻohana nui i ke ʻano calendering, a ʻo ke aniani photovoltaic i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi e hoʻohana nui i ke ʻano lana.

（2） Kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻopili sila (EVA)

Aia ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni hoʻopaʻa paʻa o ka lā ma ka waena o ka module solar cell, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka pepa kelepona a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke aniani a me ka pā hope.ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi o ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni adhesive cell cell: hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo hoʻonohonoho no nā lako laina o ka lā, e hāʻawi ana i ka hoʻopili optical kiʻekiʻe ma waena o ka cell a me ka radiation solar, ka hoʻokaʻawale kino ʻana i ke kelepona a me ka laina, a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka wela i hana ʻia e ke kelepona, etc. No laila, pono e loaʻa i nā huahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻekiʻe ka pale wai mahu, kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike ʻia o ka māmā transmittance, kiʻekiʻe leo resistivity, ka wā kū a me ka hana anti PID.

I kēia manawa, ʻo EVA adhesive film ka mea hoʻohana nui loa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka cell cell solar.E like me 2018, ʻo kāna māhele mākeke ma kahi o 90%.Loaʻa iā ia ma mua o 20 mau makahiki o ka moʻolelo noi, me ka hana huahana kaulike a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kiʻi paʻi kiʻi POE kekahi mea hoʻohana paʻa kiʻi paʻi kiʻi photovoltaic.E like me ka 2018, ʻo kāna māhele mākeke ma kahi o 9% 5. ʻO kēia huahana he ethylene octene copolymer, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka aniani o ka lā a me nā modula aniani pālua, ʻoi loa i nā modula aniani pālua.Loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni POE e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai kahe wai, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kukui ʻike ʻia, ka resistivity kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka hana anti PID lōʻihi.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hana hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kēia huahana ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana o ka lā no ka module, kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana o ka module, a hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ke kahe ʻana o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka lamination module.

（3） Kikoki pila

ʻO ke kelepona ʻo Silicon kahi mea maʻamau maʻamau ʻelua.Aia nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua ma ka ʻaoʻao e loaʻa ana ka mālamalama a me ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka chip silicon.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hana mana photovoltaic: Ke hoʻomālamalama ka photon i kahi metala, hiki ke hoʻopili piha ʻia kona ikehu e kahi electron i loko o ka metala.ʻO ka ikehu i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e ka electron ua lawa ia e lanakila ai i ka ikaika Coulomb i loko o ka atom metala a hana i ka hana, pakele mai ka ʻili metala a lilo i photoelectron.Loaʻa i ka ʻātoma silika ʻehā mau electrons waho.Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kilika maʻemaʻe me nā ʻātoma me nā electrons waho ʻelima, e like me nā atom phosphorus, lilo ia i semiconductor N-type;Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kilika maʻemaʻe me nā ʻātoma me ʻekolu mau electrons waho, e like me nā ʻātoma boron, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi semiconductor P-type.Ke hoʻohui ʻia ke ʻano P a me ke ʻano N, e hana ka ʻili pili i kahi ʻokoʻa kūpono a lilo i pūlima lā.Ke hoʻomālamalama ka lā ma ka hui PN, e kahe ana ke au mai ka ʻaoʻao P-type a i ka ʻaoʻao N-type, e hana ana i kahi au.

E like me nā mea like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā cell solar i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: ʻo ka māhele mua he crystalline silicon solar cell, me ka monocrystalline silicon a me polycrystalline silicon.ʻO kā lākou noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka noi ʻana o ka mākeke he hohonu hohonu, a he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka photoelectric, e noho ana i ka māhele mākeke nui o ka chip pākahiko o kēia manawa;ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua he kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni solar, me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke silika, nā pūhui a me nā mea kūlohelohe.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka ʻona o nā mea maka, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ka maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou ma ka mākeke;ʻO ke kolu o ka māhele, he mau pūnaewele lā hou, me nā pūnaewele lā laminated, aia i kēia manawa i ka pae noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a ʻaʻole i oʻo ka ʻenehana.

ʻO nā mea waiwai nui o nā cell solar he polysilicon (hiki ke hana i nā koʻokoʻo silicon crystal single, polysilicon ingots, etc.).ʻO ke kaʻina hana ka mea nui: ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, diffusion, etching etching, dephosphorized silicon glass, PECVD, pale paʻi, sintering, hoʻāʻo, etc.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻokoʻa a me ka pilina ma waena o ke aniani hoʻokahi a me ka polycrystalline photovoltaic panel ma aneʻi

ʻO ke aniani hoʻokahi a me ka polycrystalline ʻelua mau ala ʻenehana o ka ikehu lā.Inā hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke aniani hoʻokahi i ka pōhaku piha, ʻo ka polycrystalline he pōhaku i hana ʻia i nā pōhaku i ʻoki ʻia.Ma muli o nā waiwai kino like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi photoelectric o ka kristal hoʻokahi ma mua o ka polycrystal, akā he haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai o ka polycrystal.

ʻO ka hiki ke hoʻololi photoelectric o ka monocrystalline silicon solar cell ma kahi o 18%, a ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa he 24%.ʻO kēia ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka photoelectric o nā ʻano mea āpau o ka lā, akā kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai hana.No ka mea, ua hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka silikoni monocrystalline me ke aniani aniani a me ka resin wai, ua paʻa a he 25 mau makahiki ke ola lawelawe.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka polycrystalline silicon solar cell e like me ka monocrystalline silicon solar cell, akā pono e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka photoelectric conversion efficiency o polycrystalline silicon solar cell, a ʻo kāna hoʻololi photoelectric pono e pili ana i 16%.Ma ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā cell solar silicon monocrystalline.He mea maʻalahi nā mea hana, mālama i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana, a haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai hana.

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ke aniani hoʻokahi a me ka polycrystal: ʻo ka polycrystal kahi aniani me nā hemahema.

Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ke kālā kālā a me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai ʻāina hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia, ke piʻi nei ka noi no nā huahana kūpono i ka mākeke honua.Ua neʻe pū ka manaʻo o nā mea hoʻopukapuka mai ka wikiwiki mua i ke kumu kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana hana mana a me ka hilinaʻi lōʻihi o ka papahana ponoʻī, ʻo ia ke kī i ka loaʻa kālā o ka hale mana e hiki mai ana.I kēia pae, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻenehana polycrystalline i ke kumukūʻai, akā haʻahaʻa loa kona pono.

Nui nā kumu no ka ulu lohi o ka ʻenehana polycrystalline: ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e alakaʻi ana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o nā kaʻina hana hou.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hana.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hiki i ka polycrystals a me nā kristal hoʻokahi maʻamau ka mana o ka mana a me ka hana o nā kristal hoʻokahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke "hiki ke hoʻokūkū" kekahi mau mea kūʻai kūʻai kumukūʻai ke koho.

I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa i ka ʻenehana aniani hoʻokahi kahi kaulike maikaʻi ma waena o ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai.ʻO ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o ka kristal hoʻokahi i noho i kahi kūlana alakaʻi ma ka mākeke.

（4） Mokulele

ʻO ka backplane solar he mea hoʻopili photovoltaic aia ma ke kua o ka module cell cell solar.Hoʻohana nui ia no ka pale ʻana i ka module solar cell i loko o ke kaiapuni o waho, e pale aku i ka corrosion o nā mea kaiapuni e like me ka māmā, ka haʻahaʻa a me ka wela ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, nā ʻāpana cell a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ke pāʻani nei i kahi hana pale pale insulation.No ka mea, aia ka mokulele hope ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho ma ke kua o ka module PV a pili pono me ka kaiapuni o waho, pono e loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet, ke kū ʻana o ka wā kahiko, ka pale wai wai, ka uila uila a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. nā waiwai e hoʻokō i ke ola lawelawe 25 makahiki o ka module solar cell.Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o nā koi pono o ka mana o ka ʻoihana photovoltaic, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana backplane solar kiʻekiʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono hoʻololi photoelectric o nā modules solar.

Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea, ua māhele nui ʻia ka backplane i nā polymers organik a me nā mea inorganic.ʻO ka backplane solar ka mea maʻamau i nā polymers organik, a ʻo nā mea inorganic he aniani ka nui.Wahi a ke kaʻina hana, aia nā ʻano composite, ʻano uhi a me ke ʻano coextrusion.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka backplane composite ma mua o 78% o ka mākeke backplane.Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noi o nā ʻāpana aniani ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke o ke aniani backplane ma mua o 12%, a ʻo ka backplane i uhi ʻia a me nā papa hana ʻē aʻe he 10%.

ʻO nā mea maka o ka backplane solar ka nui o ka PET base film, fluorine material a me ka mea hoʻopili.Hāʻawi nui ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo PET i ka insulation a me nā waiwai mechanical, akā maikaʻi ʻole kona kū ʻana i ka wā;Hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā mea Fluorine i ʻelua ʻano: fluorine film a me ka fluorine i loko o ka resin, e hāʻawi ana i ka insulation, ka pale ʻana i ka wā a me ka waiwai pale;Hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka adhesive me ka resin synthetic, curing agent, functional additives a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hoʻopaʻa i ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni PET base a me ka fluorine film i ka backplane composite.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nā backplanes o nā modules solar cell kiʻekiʻe i nā mea fluoride e pale i ke kiʻi kumu PET.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o nā mea fluoride i hoʻohana ʻia.Hoʻopiliʻia ka mea fluorine ma ka PET base film e ka hoʻopiliʻana i keʻano o ka fluorine film,ʻo ia ka backplane composite;Hoʻopili pololei ʻia ia ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni PET base ma ke ʻano o ka fluorine i loko o ka resin ma o ke kaʻina hana kūikawā, i kapa ʻia ʻo coated backplane.

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka backplane composite ma muli o ka pono o kāna kiʻi fluorine;Loaʻa i ka mokulele hope i uhi ʻia ke kumu kūʻai ma muli o kona kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka backplane composite

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka backplane solar composite i ʻelua ʻaoʻao fluorine film backplane, hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao fluorine film backplane, a me fluorine free backplane e like me ka fluorine maʻiʻo.Ma muli o ko lākou kūʻē ʻana i ka wā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, kūpono lākou no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻo ke kū ʻana o ke aniau i ke kaiapuni e ukali ʻia e ka mokulele kiʻiʻoniʻoni fluorine ʻelua ʻaoʻao, ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi fluorine film backplane, a me ka fluorine free backplane, a ʻo kā lākou mau kumukūʻai maʻamau e hoʻemi i ka huli.

'Ōlelo Aʻo: (1) PVF (monofluorinated resin) kiʻiʻoniʻoni extruded mai PVF copolymer.ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e hōʻoia i ka paʻa ʻana o ka papa hoʻonaninani PVF a ʻaʻohe kīnā e like me nā pinholes a me nā māwae i hana pinepine ʻia i ka wā o ka PVDF (difluorinated resin) i ka hoʻoulu ʻana a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana i ka roller.No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka insulation o PVF film decorative layer ma mua o PVDF coating.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea uhi kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVF ma nā wahi me ka pōʻino ʻino;

(2) I ke kaʻina hana o ka PVF kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho extruding o ka molecular lattice ma nā ʻaoʻao longitudinal a me transverse e hoʻoikaika nui i kona ikaika kino, no laila ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kiʻi PVF;

(3) ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni PVF a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi;

(4) ʻO ka ʻili o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni PVF i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he maʻalahi a maʻalahi, ʻaʻohe ʻōpala, ʻalani ʻalani, micro wrinkle a me nā hemahema ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili i ka wā o ka uhi ʻana a i ʻole ka pulupulu ʻana.

Nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono

Ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wā, ʻelua ʻaoʻao fluorine film composite backplane hiki ke kū i nā wahi koʻikoʻi e like me ke anuanu, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, makani a me ke one, ua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka pāpū, ka wao nahele, Gobi a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe;ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi fluorine film composite backplane he huahana hōʻemi kumu kūʻai o ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua fluorine film composite backplane.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lua-ʻaoʻao fluorine film composite backplane, kona ʻaoʻao i loko he maikaʻi ʻole ka pale ʻana o ka ultraviolet a me ka wela wela, ka mea maʻamau i pili i nā hale a me nā wahi me ka radiation ultraviolet haʻahaʻa.

6, mea hoʻohuli PV

I ke kaʻina hana o ka mana photovoltaic solar, ka mana i hana ʻia e nā photovoltaic arrays he mana DC, akā nui nā ukana e pono ai ka mana AC.He palena nui ka ʻōnaehana mana DC, ʻaʻole maʻalahi no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka volta, a ua kaupalena ʻia ka palena o ka noi.Ma waho o nā ukana uila kūikawā, pono nā mea hoʻohuli e hoʻololi i ka mana DC i ka mana AC.ʻO ka photovoltaic inverter ka puʻuwai o ka ʻōnaehana hana mana photovoltaic solar.Hoʻololi ia i ka mana DC i hana ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana hana mana photovoltaic i ka mana AC i koi ʻia e ke ola ma o ka ʻenehana hoʻololi uila uila, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kahua mana photovoltaic.